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1--- 2title: Tangled docs 3author: The Tangled Contributors 4date: 21 Sun, Dec 2025 5abstract: | 6 Tangled is a decentralized code hosting and collaboration 7 platform. Every component of Tangled is open-source and 8 self-hostable. [tangled.org](https://tangled.org) also 9 provides hosting and CI services that are free to use. 10 11 There are several models for decentralized code 12 collaboration platforms, ranging from ActivityPub’s 13 (Forgejo) federated model, to Radicle’s entirely P2P model. 14 Our approach attempts to be the best of both worlds by 15 adopting the AT Protocol—a protocol for building decentralized 16 social applications with a central identity 17 18 Our approach to this is the idea of “knots”. Knots are 19 lightweight, headless servers that enable users to host Git 20 repositories with ease. Knots are designed for either single 21 or multi-tenant use which is perfect for self-hosting on a 22 Raspberry Pi at home, or larger “community” servers. By 23 default, Tangled provides managed knots where you can host 24 your repositories for free. 25 26 The appview at tangled.org acts as a consolidated "view" 27 into the whole network, allowing users to access, clone and 28 contribute to repositories hosted across different knots 29 seamlessly. 30--- 31 32# Quick start guide 33 34## Login or sign up 35 36You can [login](https://tangled.org) by using your AT Protocol 37account. If you are unclear on what that means, simply head 38to the [signup](https://tangled.org/signup) page and create 39an account. By doing so, you will be choosing Tangled as 40your account provider (you will be granted a handle of the 41form `user.tngl.sh`). 42 43In the AT Protocol network, users are free to choose their account 44provider (known as a "Personal Data Service", or PDS), and 45login to applications that support AT accounts. 46 47You can think of it as "one account for all of the atmosphere"! 48 49If you already have an AT account (you may have one if you 50signed up to Bluesky, for example), you can login with the 51same handle on Tangled (so just use `user.bsky.social` on 52the login page). 53 54## Add an SSH key 55 56Once you are logged in, you can start creating repositories 57and pushing code. Tangled supports pushing git repositories 58over SSH. 59 60First, you'll need to generate an SSH key if you don't 61already have one: 62 63```bash 64ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "foo@bar.com" 65``` 66 67When prompted, save the key to the default location 68(`~/.ssh/id_ed25519`) and optionally set a passphrase. 69 70Copy your public key to your clipboard: 71 72```bash 73# on X11 74cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub | xclip -sel c 75 76# on wayland 77cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub | wl-copy 78 79# on macos 80cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519.pub | pbcopy 81``` 82 83Now, navigate to 'Settings' -> 'Keys' and hit 'Add Key', 84paste your public key, give it a descriptive name, and hit 85save. 86 87## Create a repository 88 89Once your SSH key is added, create your first repository: 90 911. Hit the green `+` icon on the topbar, and select 92 repository 932. Enter a repository name 943. Add a description 954. Choose a knotserver to host this repository on 965. Hit create 97 98Knots are self-hostable, lightweight Git servers that can 99host your repository. Unlike traditional code forges, your 100code can live on any server. Read the [Knots](TODO) section 101for more. 102 103## Configure SSH 104 105To ensure Git uses the correct SSH key and connects smoothly 106to Tangled, add this configuration to your `~/.ssh/config` 107file: 108 109``` 110Host tangled.org 111 Hostname tangled.org 112 User git 113 IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_ed25519 114 AddressFamily inet 115``` 116 117This tells SSH to use your specific key when connecting to 118Tangled and prevents authentication issues if you have 119multiple SSH keys. 120 121Note that this configuration only works for knotservers that 122are hosted by tangled.org. If you use a custom knot, refer 123to the [Knots](TODO) section. 124 125## Push your first repository 126 127Initialize a new Git repository: 128 129```bash 130mkdir my-project 131cd my-project 132 133git init 134echo "# My Project" > README.md 135``` 136 137Add some content and push! 138 139```bash 140git add README.md 141git commit -m "Initial commit" 142git remote add origin git@tangled.org:user.tngl.sh/my-project 143git push -u origin main 144``` 145 146That's it! Your code is now hosted on Tangled. 147 148## Migrating an existing repository 149 150Moving your repositories from GitHub, GitLab, Bitbucket, or 151any other Git forge to Tangled is straightforward. You'll 152simply change your repository's remote URL. At the moment, 153Tangled does not have any tooling to migrate data such as 154GitHub issues or pull requests. 155 156First, create a new repository on tangled.org as described 157in the [Quick Start Guide](#create-a-repository). 158 159Navigate to your existing local repository: 160 161```bash 162cd /path/to/your/existing/repo 163``` 164 165You can inspect your existing Git remote like so: 166 167```bash 168git remote -v 169``` 170 171You'll see something like: 172 173```bash 174origin git@github.com:username/my-project.git (fetch) 175origin git@github.com:username/my-project.git (push) 176``` 177 178Update the remote URL to point to tangled: 179 180```bash 181git remote set-url origin git@tangled.org:user.tngl.sh/my-project 182``` 183 184Verify the change: 185 186```bash 187git remote -v 188``` 189 190You should now see: 191 192```bash 193origin git@tangled.org:user.tngl.sh/my-project (fetch) 194origin git@tangled.org:user.tngl.sh/my-project (push) 195``` 196 197Push all your branches and tags to Tangled: 198 199```bash 200git push -u origin --all 201git push -u origin --tags 202``` 203 204Your repository is now migrated to Tangled! All commit 205history, branches, and tags have been preserved. 206 207## Mirroring a repository to Tangled 208 209If you want to maintain your repository on multiple forges 210simultaneously, for example, keeping your primary repository 211on GitHub while mirroring to Tangled for backup or 212redundancy, you can do so by adding [multiple remotes](https://git-scm.com/docs/git-push#_remotes). 213 214You can configure your local repository to push to both 215Tangled and, say, GitHub. You may already have the following 216setup: 217 218```bash 219$ git remote -v 220origin git@github.com:username/my-project.git (fetch) 221origin git@github.com:username/my-project.git (push) 222``` 223 224Now add Tangled as an additional push URL to the same 225remote: 226 227```bash 228git remote set-url --add --push origin git@tangled.org:user.tngl.sh/my-project 229``` 230 231You also need to re-add the original URL as a push 232destination (Git will now use the original URL to fetch only): 233 234```bash 235git remote set-url --add --push origin git@github.com:username/my-project.git 236``` 237 238Verify your configuration: 239 240```bash 241$ git remote -v 242origin git@github.com:username/my-project.git (fetch) 243origin git@tangled.org:user.tngl.sh/my-project (push) 244origin git@github.com:username/my-project.git (push) 245``` 246 247Notice that there's one fetch URL (the primary remote) and 248two push URLs. Now, whenever you push, Git will 249automatically push to both remotes: 250 251```bash 252git push origin main 253``` 254 255This single command pushes your `main` branch to both GitHub 256and Tangled simultaneously. 257 258To push all branches and tags: 259 260```bash 261git push origin --all 262git push origin --tags 263``` 264 265If you prefer more control over which remote you push to, 266you can maintain separate remotes: 267 268```bash 269git remote add github git@github.com:username/my-project.git 270git remote add tangled git@tangled.org:user.tngl.sh/my-project 271``` 272 273Then push to each explicitly: 274 275```bash 276git push github main 277git push tangled main 278``` 279 280# Hosting websites on Tangled 281 282You can serve static websites directly from your git repositories on 283Tangled. If you've used GitHub Pages or Codeberg Pages, this should feel 284familiar. 285 286## Overview 287 288Every user gets a sites domain. If you signed up through Tangled's own 289PDS (`tngl.sh`), your sites domain is automatically 290`<your-handle>.tngl.sh` no setup needed. Otherwise, you can claim a 291`<subdomain>.tngl.io` domain from your settings. 292 293You can serve multiple sites per domain: 294 295- One **index site** served at the root of your domain (e.g. 296 `alice.tngl.sh`) 297- Any number of **sub-path sites** served under the repository name 298 (e.g. `alice.tngl.sh/my-project`) 299 300## Claiming a domain 301 302If you don't have a `tngl.sh` handle, you need to claim a domain before 303publishing sites: 304 3051. Go to **Settings → Sites** 3062. Enter a subdomain (e.g. `alice` to claim `alice.tngl.io`) 3073. Click **claim** 308 309You can only hold one domain at a time. Releasing a domain puts it in a 31030-day cooldown before anyone else can claim it. 311 312## Configuring a site for a repository 313 3141. Navigate to your repository 3152. Go to **Settings → Sites** 3163. Choose a **branch** to deploy from 3174. Set the **deploy directory** — the path within the repository 318 containing your `index.html`. Use `/` for the root, or a subdirectory 319 like `/docs` or `/public` 3205. Choose the **site type**: 321 - **Index site** — served at the root of your domain (e.g. 322 `alice.tngl.sh`) 323 - **Sub-path site** — served under the repository name (e.g. 324 `alice.tngl.sh/my-project`) 3256. Click **save** 326 327The site will be deployed automatically. You can see the status of your 328previous deploys in the **Recent Deploys** section at the bottom of the 329page. 330 331Sites are redeployed automatically on every push to the configured 332branch. 333 334## Custom domains 335 336Tangled currently doesn't support custom domains for sites. This will be 337added in a future update. 338 339## Deploy directory 340 341The deploy directory is the path within your repository that Tangled 342serves as the site root. It must contain an `index.html`. 343 344| Deploy directory | Result | 345|---|---| 346| `/` | Serves the repository root | 347| `/docs` | Serves the `docs/` subdirectory | 348| `/public` | Serves the `public/` subdirectory | 349 350Directories are served with automatic `index.html` resolution -- a 351request to `/about` will serve `/about/index.html` if it exists. 352 353## Site types 354 355| Type | URL | 356|---|---| 357| Index site | `alice.tngl.sh` | 358| Sub-path site | `alice.tngl.sh/my-project` | 359 360Only one repository can be the index site for a given domain at a time. 361If another repository already holds the index site, you will see a 362notice in the settings and only the sub-path option will be available. 363 364## Deploy triggers 365 366A deployment is triggered automatically when: 367 368- You push to the configured branch 369- You change the site configuration (branch, deploy directory, or site 370 type) 371 372## Disabling a site 373 374To stop serving a site, go to **Settings → Sites** in your repository 375and click **Disable**. This removes the site configuration and stops 376serving the site. The deployed files are also deleted from storage. 377 378Releasing your domain from **Settings → Sites** at the account level 379will disable all sites associated with it and delete their files. 380 381 382# Knot self-hosting guide 383 384So you want to run your own knot server? Great! Here are a few prerequisites: 385 3861. A server of some kind (a VPS, a Raspberry Pi, etc.). Preferably running a Linux distribution of some kind. 3872. A (sub)domain name. People generally use `knot.example.com`. 3883. A valid SSL certificate for your domain. 389 390## NixOS 391 392Refer to the [knot 393module](https://tangled.org/tangled.org/core/blob/master/nix/modules/knot.nix) 394for a full list of options. Sample configurations: 395 396- [The test VM](https://tangled.org/tangled.org/core/blob/master/nix/vm.nix#L85) 397- [@pyrox.dev/nix](https://tangled.org/pyrox.dev/nix/blob/c2b644c214d278af12523618de952ee2eab1af3d/hosts/marvin/services/tangled.nix#L15-26) 398 399## Docker 400 401Refer to 402[@tangled.org/knot-docker](https://tangled.org/@tangled.org/knot-docker). 403Note that this is community maintained. 404 405## Manual setup 406 407First, clone this repository: 408 409``` 410git clone https://tangled.org/@tangled.org/core 411``` 412 413Then, build the `knot` CLI. This is the knot administration 414and operation tool. For the purpose of this guide, we're 415only concerned with these subcommands: 416 417- `knot server`: the main knot server process, typically 418 run as a supervised service 419- `knot guard`: handles role-based access control for git 420 over SSH (you'll never have to run this yourself) 421- `knot keys`: fetches SSH keys associated with your knot; 422 we'll use this to generate the SSH 423 `AuthorizedKeysCommand` 424 425``` 426cd core 427export CGO_ENABLED=1 428go build -o knot ./cmd/knot 429``` 430 431Next, move the `knot` binary to a location owned by `root` -- 432`/usr/local/bin/` is a good choice. Make sure the binary itself is also owned by `root`: 433 434``` 435sudo mv knot /usr/local/bin/knot 436sudo chown root:root /usr/local/bin/knot 437``` 438 439This is necessary because SSH `AuthorizedKeysCommand` requires [really 440specific permissions](https://stackoverflow.com/a/27638306). The 441`AuthorizedKeysCommand` specifies a command that is run by `sshd` to 442retrieve a user's public SSH keys dynamically for authentication. Let's 443set that up. 444 445``` 446sudo tee /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/authorized_keys_command.conf <<EOF 447Match User git 448 AuthorizedKeysCommand /usr/local/bin/knot keys -o authorized-keys 449 AuthorizedKeysCommandUser nobody 450EOF 451``` 452 453Then, reload `sshd`: 454 455``` 456sudo systemctl reload ssh 457``` 458 459Next, create the `git` user. We'll use the `git` user's home directory 460to store repositories: 461 462``` 463sudo adduser git 464``` 465 466Create `/home/git/.knot.env` with the following, updating the values as 467necessary. The `KNOT_SERVER_OWNER` should be set to your 468DID, you can find your DID in the [Settings](https://tangled.sh/settings) page. 469 470``` 471KNOT_REPO_SCAN_PATH=/home/git 472KNOT_SERVER_HOSTNAME=knot.example.com 473APPVIEW_ENDPOINT=https://tangled.org 474KNOT_SERVER_OWNER=did:plc:foobar 475KNOT_SERVER_INTERNAL_LISTEN_ADDR=127.0.0.1:5444 476KNOT_SERVER_LISTEN_ADDR=127.0.0.1:5555 477``` 478 479If you run a Linux distribution that uses systemd, you can 480use the provided service file to run the server. Copy 481[`knotserver.service`](https://tangled.org/tangled.org/core/blob/master/systemd/knotserver.service) 482to `/etc/systemd/system/`. Then, run: 483 484``` 485systemctl enable knotserver 486systemctl start knotserver 487``` 488 489The last step is to configure a reverse proxy like Nginx or Caddy to front your 490knot. Here's an example configuration for Nginx: 491 492``` 493server { 494 listen 80; 495 listen [::]:80; 496 server_name knot.example.com; 497 498 location / { 499 proxy_pass http://localhost:5555; 500 proxy_set_header Host $host; 501 proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; 502 proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; 503 proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme; 504 } 505 506 # wss endpoint for git events 507 location /events { 508 proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $remote_addr; 509 proxy_set_header Host $http_host; 510 proxy_set_header Upgrade websocket; 511 proxy_set_header Connection Upgrade; 512 proxy_pass http://localhost:5555; 513 } 514 # additional config for SSL/TLS go here. 515} 516 517``` 518 519Remember to use Let's Encrypt or similar to procure a certificate for your 520knot domain. 521 522You should now have a running knot server! You can finalize 523your registration by hitting the `verify` button on the 524[/settings/knots](https://tangled.org/settings/knots) page. This simply creates 525a record on your PDS to announce the existence of the knot. 526 527### Custom paths 528 529(This section applies to manual setup only. Docker users should edit the mounts 530in `docker-compose.yml` instead.) 531 532Right now, the database and repositories of your knot lives in `/home/git`. You 533can move these paths if you'd like to store them in another folder. Be careful 534when adjusting these paths: 535 536- Stop your knot when moving data (e.g. `systemctl stop knotserver`) to prevent 537 any possible side effects. Remember to restart it once you're done. 538- Make backups before moving in case something goes wrong. 539- Make sure the `git` user can read and write from the new paths. 540 541#### Database 542 543As an example, let's say the current database is at `/home/git/knotserver.db`, 544and we want to move it to `/home/git/database/knotserver.db`. 545 546Copy the current database to the new location. Make sure to copy the `.db-shm` 547and `.db-wal` files if they exist. 548 549``` 550mkdir /home/git/database 551cp /home/git/knotserver.db* /home/git/database 552``` 553 554In the environment (e.g. `/home/git/.knot.env`), set `KNOT_SERVER_DB_PATH` to 555the new file path (_not_ the directory): 556 557``` 558KNOT_SERVER_DB_PATH=/home/git/database/knotserver.db 559``` 560 561#### Repositories 562 563As an example, let's say the repositories are currently in `/home/git`, and we 564want to move them into `/home/git/repositories`. 565 566Create the new folder, then move the existing repositories (if there are any): 567 568``` 569mkdir /home/git/repositories 570# move all DIDs into the new folder; these will vary for you! 571mv /home/git/did:plc:wshs7t2adsemcrrd4snkeqli /home/git/repositories 572``` 573 574In the environment (e.g. `/home/git/.knot.env`), update `KNOT_REPO_SCAN_PATH` 575to the new directory: 576 577``` 578KNOT_REPO_SCAN_PATH=/home/git/repositories 579``` 580 581Similarly, update your `sshd` `AuthorizedKeysCommand` to use the updated 582repository path: 583 584``` 585sudo tee /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/authorized_keys_command.conf <<EOF 586Match User git 587 AuthorizedKeysCommand /usr/local/bin/knot keys -o authorized-keys -git-dir /home/git/repositories 588 AuthorizedKeysCommandUser nobody 589EOF 590``` 591 592Make sure to restart your SSH server! 593 594#### MOTD (message of the day) 595 596To configure the MOTD used ("Welcome to this knot!" by default), edit the 597`/home/git/motd` file: 598 599``` 600printf "Hi from this knot!\n" > /home/git/motd 601``` 602 603Note that you should add a newline at the end if setting a non-empty message 604since the knot won't do this for you. 605 606## Secure Mode 607 608Secure Mode isolates each `git` subprocess to the repository it is 609operating on, using two mechanisms: 610 611- **Linux Landlock** restricts the filesystem paths the subprocess 612 can access -- it can only read/write its own repository and the 613 system directories it needs to run. 614- **UID isolation** runs each subprocess as a virtual UID assigned 615 to the repository owner, so that repositories belonging to 616 different owners are isolated from each other at the OS level 617 even if Landlock were somehow bypassed. 618 619Secure Mode requires: 620 621- Linux kernel >= 5.19 (Landlock V2). This is the minimum needed 622 for `git push` to work, because receive-pack's quarantine 623 migration uses cross-directory rename which requires the 624 Landlock `REFER` access right (added in V2). Kernels 5.13-5.18 625 support Landlock V1 and clones will work, but pushes will fail 626 with cross-device link errors. On kernels without any Landlock 627 support (< 5.13), the sandbox call is a no-op: UID isolation 628 still applies but no filesystem restriction is enforced. 629- `CAP_SETUID`, `CAP_SETGID`, and `CAP_CHOWN` available to the 630 knot process. The NixOS module grants these automatically; for 631 manual setups see the `setcap` step below. 632 633### NixOS 634 635Add `server.secureMode = true;` to your knot module configuration: 636 637```nix 638services.tangled.knot = { 639 server.secureMode = true; 640 # ... other options 641}; 642``` 643 644The NixOS module handles everything else automatically: 645 646- Grants the required capabilities to the knot service via 647 `AmbientCapabilities` in the systemd unit. 648- Installs a capability-bearing wrapper at 649 `/run/wrappers/bin/knot` via `security.wrappers`, so that 650 SSH-invoked git operations (pushes) also run under the correct 651 UID without requiring the service to run as root. 652- Runs `knot migrate-isolation` at service start to chown 653 existing repositories to their virtual UIDs. 654 655### Manual setup 656 657**Step 1.** Grant the required capabilities to the knot binary. 658This allows the knot process to switch to virtual UIDs at runtime 659without running as root. You will need to repeat this step 660whenever the binary is updated. 661 662``` 663sudo setcap cap_setuid,cap_setgid,cap_chown+eip /usr/local/bin/knot 664``` 665 666**Step 2.** Run the migration tool to assign virtual UIDs to all 667existing repositories and set their filesystem permissions. This 668must be run as root: 669 670``` 671sudo knot migrate-isolation \ 672 --git-dir /home/git \ 673 --db /home/git/knotserver.db \ 674 --internal-api 127.0.0.1:5444 675``` 676 677You can re-run this at any time with `--force` to reapply 678permissions (e.g. after a manual repair or after updating the 679binary). 680 681**Step 2a.** Ensure the home directory is traversable by 682non-group users. Git subprocesses run as virtual UIDs that are 683not in the git group, and they need to resolve 684`$HOME/.config/git/config` to load the global config: 685 686``` 687sudo chmod o+x /home/git 688``` 689 690This adds only the execute bit, not read -- the virtual UIDs can 691traverse to known paths but cannot list directory contents. 692 693**Step 3.** Enable Secure Mode in your environment file: 694 695``` 696KNOT_SERVER_SECURE_MODE=true 697``` 698 699Or pass it as a flag: 700 701``` 702knot server --secure-mode 703``` 704 705**Step 4.** Regenerate the `AuthorizedKeysCommand` with the 706`-secure-mode` flag. This causes `knot keys` to emit guard 707command lines that include `-secure-mode`, so SSH pushes also 708get UID isolation: 709 710``` 711sudo tee /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/authorized_keys_command.conf <<EOF 712Match User git 713 AuthorizedKeysCommand /usr/local/bin/knot keys \ 714 -o authorized-keys -secure-mode 715 AuthorizedKeysCommandUser nobody 716EOF 717``` 718 719Reload `sshd` after making this change. 720 721> **Note:** the server will refuse to start in Secure Mode if any 722> repositories have not yet been isolation-migrated. Re-run 723> `migrate-isolation` if you see this error. 724 725## Troubleshooting 726 727If you run your own knot, you may run into some of these 728common issues. You can always join the 729[IRC](https://web.libera.chat/#tangled) or 730[Discord](https://chat.tangled.org/) if this section does 731not help. 732 733### Unable to push 734 735If you are unable to push to your knot or repository: 736 7371. First, ensure that you have added your SSH public key to 738 your account 7392. Check to see that your knot has synced the key by running 740 `knot keys` 7413. Check to see if git is supplying the correct private key 742 when pushing: `GIT_SSH_COMMAND="ssh -v" git push ...` 7434. Check to see if `sshd` on the knot is rejecting the push 744 for some reason: `journalctl -xeu ssh` (or `sshd`, 745 depending on your machine). These logs are unavailable if 746 using docker. 7475. Check to see if the knot itself is rejecting the push, 748 depending on your setup, the logs might be in one of the 749 following paths: 750 - `/tmp/knotguard.log` 751 - `/home/git/log` 752 - `/home/git/guard.log` 753 754# Spindles 755 756## Pipelines 757 758Spindle workflows allow you to write CI/CD pipelines in a 759simple format. They're located in the `.tangled/workflows` 760directory at the root of your repository, and are defined 761using YAML. 762 763A workflow has a set of common fields that apply no matter 764which engine you pick: 765 766- [Trigger](#trigger): A **required** field that defines 767 when a workflow should be triggered. 768- [Engine](#engine): A **required** field that defines which 769 engine a workflow should run on. 770- [Clone options](#clone-options): An **optional** field 771 that defines how the repository should be cloned. 772- [Environment](#environment): An **optional** field that 773 allows you to define environment variables. 774- [Steps](#steps): An **optional** field that allows you to 775 define what steps should run in the workflow. 776 777On top of these, each engine has its own options for things 778like dependencies and images. See [Engines](#engines) for 779the per-engine fields. 780 781### Trigger 782 783The first thing to add to a workflow is the trigger, which 784defines when a workflow runs. This is defined using a `when` 785field, which takes in a list of conditions. Each condition 786has the following fields: 787 788- `event`: This is a **required** field that defines when 789 your workflow should run. It's a list that can take one or 790 more of the following values: 791 - `push`: The workflow should run every time a commit is 792 pushed to the repository. 793 - `pull_request`: The workflow should run every time a 794 pull request is made or updated. 795 - `manual`: The workflow can be triggered manually. 796- `branch`: Defines which branches the workflow should run 797 for. If used with the `push` event, commits to the 798 branch(es) listed here will trigger the workflow. If used 799 with the `pull_request` event, updates to pull requests 800 targeting the branch(es) listed here will trigger the 801 workflow. This field has no effect with the `manual` 802 event. Supports glob patterns using `*` and `**` (e.g., 803 `main`, `develop`, `release-*`). Either `branch` or `tag` 804 (or both) must be specified for `push` events. 805- `tag`: Defines which tags the workflow should run for. 806 Only used with the `push` event - when tags matching the 807 pattern(s) listed here are pushed, the workflow will 808 trigger. This field has no effect with `pull_request` or 809 `manual` events. Supports glob patterns using `*` and `**` 810 (e.g., `v*`, `v1.*`, `release-**`). Either `branch` or 811 `tag` (or both) must be specified for `push` events. 812 813For example, if you'd like to define a workflow that runs 814when commits are pushed to the `main` and `develop` 815branches, or when pull requests that target the `main` 816branch are updated, or manually, you can do so with: 817 818```yaml 819when: 820 - event: ["push", "manual"] 821 branch: ["main", "develop"] 822 - event: ["pull_request"] 823 branch: ["main"] 824``` 825 826You can also trigger workflows on tag pushes. For instance, 827to run a deployment workflow when tags matching `v*` are 828pushed: 829 830```yaml 831when: 832 - event: ["push"] 833 tag: ["v*"] 834``` 835 836You can even combine branch and tag patterns in a single 837constraint (the workflow triggers if either matches): 838 839```yaml 840when: 841 - event: ["push"] 842 branch: ["main", "release-*"] 843 tag: ["v*", "stable"] 844``` 845 846To skip CI for a push, pass a Git push option: 847 848```sh 849git push -o skip-ci 850``` 851 852`ci-skip` is also accepted. 853 854### Engine 855 856Next is the engine on which the workflow should run, defined 857using the **required** `engine` field. The currently 858supported engines are: 859 860- `nixery`: This uses an instance of 861 [Nixery](https://nixery.dev) to run steps, which allows 862 you to add [dependencies](#dependencies) from 863 Nixpkgs (https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs). You can 864 search for packages on https://search.nixos.org, and 865 there's a pretty good chance the package(s) you're looking 866 for will be there. 867 See [Nixery engine](#nixery-engine). 868- `microvm`: Runs the whole workflow inside its own 869 microVM. Has configuration features for NixOS images 870 that will let you enable services, do Docker-in-VM, etc. 871 See [microVM engine](#microvm-engine). 872 873Example: 874 875```yaml 876engine: "nixery" 877``` 878 879Each engine also adds its own workflow fields (dependencies, 880images, services, and so on). These are documented under 881[Engines](#engines). 882 883### Clone options 884 885When a workflow starts, the first step is to clone the 886repository. You can customize this behavior using the 887**optional** `clone` field. It has the following fields: 888 889- `skip`: Setting this to `true` will skip cloning the 890 repository. This can be useful if your workflow is doing 891 something that doesn't require anything from the 892 repository itself. This is `false` by default. 893- `depth`: This sets the number of commits, or the "clone 894 depth", to fetch from the repository. For example, if you 895 set this to 2, the last 2 commits will be fetched. By 896 default, the depth is set to 1, meaning only the most 897 recent commit will be fetched, which is the commit that 898 triggered the workflow. 899- `submodules`: If you use Git submodules 900 (https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Tools-Submodules) 901 in your repository, setting this field to `true` will 902 recursively fetch all submodules. This is `false` by 903 default. 904 905The default settings are: 906 907```yaml 908clone: 909 skip: false 910 depth: 1 911 submodules: false 912``` 913 914### Environment 915 916The `environment` field allows you define environment 917variables that will be available throughout the entire 918workflow. **Do not put secrets here, these environment 919variables are visible to anyone viewing the repository. You 920can add secrets for pipelines in your repository's 921settings.** 922 923Example: 924 925```yaml 926environment: 927 GOOS: "linux" 928 GOARCH: "arm64" 929 NODE_ENV: "production" 930 MY_ENV_VAR: "MY_ENV_VALUE" 931``` 932 933By default, the following environment variables are set: 934 935- `CI` - Always set to `true` to indicate a CI environment 936- `TANGLED_PIPELINE_ID` - The AT URI of the current pipeline 937- `TANGLED_PIPELINE_KIND` - One of `push`, `pull_request` or 938 `manual` 939- `TANGLED_REPO_KNOT` - The repository's knot hostname 940- `TANGLED_REPO_DID` - The DID of the repository owner 941- `TANGLED_REPO_NAME` - The name of the repository 942- `TANGLED_REPO_DEFAULT_BRANCH` - The default branch of the 943 repository 944- `TANGLED_REPO_URL` - The full URL to the repository 945 946These variables are only available when the pipeline is 947triggered by a push: 948 949- `TANGLED_REF` - The full git reference (e.g., 950 `refs/heads/main` or `refs/tags/v1.0.0`) 951- `TANGLED_REF_NAME` - The short name of the reference 952 (e.g., `main` or `v1.0.0`) 953- `TANGLED_REF_TYPE` - The type of reference, either 954 `branch` or `tag` 955- `TANGLED_SHA` - The commit SHA that triggered the pipeline 956- `TANGLED_COMMIT_SHA` - Alias for `TANGLED_SHA` 957 958These variables are only available when the pipeline is 959triggered by a pull request: 960 961- `TANGLED_PR_SOURCE_BRANCH` - The source branch of the pull 962 request 963- `TANGLED_PR_TARGET_BRANCH` - The target branch of the pull 964 request 965- `TANGLED_PR_SOURCE_SHA` - The commit SHA of the source 966 branch 967 968### Steps 969 970The `steps` field allows you to define what steps should run 971in the workflow. It's a list of step objects, each with the 972following fields: 973 974- `name`: This field allows you to give your step a name. 975 This name is visible in your workflow runs, and is used to 976 describe what the step is doing. 977- `command`: This field allows you to define a command to 978 run in that step. The step is run in a Bash shell, and the 979 logs from the command will be visible in the pipelines 980 page on the Tangled website. Any dependencies you added in 981 your engine's section (see [Engines](#engines)) will be 982 available to use here. 983- `environment`: Similar to the global 984 [environment](#environment) config, this **optional** 985 field is a key-value map that allows you to set 986 environment variables for the step. **Do not put secrets 987 here, these environment variables are visible to anyone 988 viewing the repository. You can add secrets for pipelines 989 in your repository's settings.** 990 991Example: 992 993```yaml 994steps: 995 - name: "Build backend" 996 command: "go build" 997 environment: 998 GOOS: "darwin" 999 GOARCH: "arm64" 1000 - name: "Build frontend" 1001 command: "npm run build" 1002 environment: 1003 NODE_ENV: "production" 1004``` 1005 1006## Engines 1007 1008The common fields above apply to every workflow. Each engine 1009then adds its own fields on top. Pick an engine with the 1010[`engine`](#engine) field and use the matching section below. 1011 1012### Nixery engine 1013 1014#### Dependencies 1015 1016When you're running a workflow you'll usually need additional 1017dependencies. The `dependencies` field lets you define which 1018dependencies to get, and from where. It's a key-value map, 1019with the key being the registry to fetch dependencies from, 1020and the value being the list of dependencies to fetch. 1021 1022The registry URL syntax can be found [on the nix 1023manual](https://nix.dev/manual/nix/2.18/command-ref/new-cli/nix3-registry-add). 1024 1025Say you want to fetch Node.js and Go from `nixpkgs`, and a 1026package called `my_pkg` you've made from your own registry 1027at your repository at 1028`https://tangled.org/@example.com/my_pkg`. You can define 1029those dependencies like so: 1030 1031```yaml 1032dependencies: 1033 # nixpkgs 1034 nixpkgs: 1035 - nodejs 1036 - go 1037 # unstable 1038 nixpkgs/nixpkgs-unstable: 1039 - bun 1040 # custom registry 1041 git+https://tangled.org/@example.com/my_pkg: 1042 - my_pkg 1043``` 1044 1045Now these dependencies are available to use in your 1046workflow! 1047 1048#### Complete nixery workflow 1049 1050```yaml 1051# .tangled/workflows/build.yml 1052 1053when: 1054 - event: ["push", "manual"] 1055 branch: ["main", "develop"] 1056 - event: ["pull_request"] 1057 branch: ["main"] 1058 1059engine: "nixery" 1060 1061# using the default values 1062clone: 1063 skip: false 1064 depth: 1 1065 submodules: false 1066 1067dependencies: 1068 # nixpkgs 1069 nixpkgs: 1070 - nodejs 1071 - go 1072 # custom registry 1073 git+https://tangled.org/@example.com/my_pkg: 1074 - my_pkg 1075 1076environment: 1077 GOOS: "linux" 1078 GOARCH: "arm64" 1079 NODE_ENV: "production" 1080 MY_ENV_VAR: "MY_ENV_VALUE" 1081 1082steps: 1083 - name: "Build backend" 1084 command: "go build" 1085 environment: 1086 GOOS: "darwin" 1087 GOARCH: "arm64" 1088 - name: "Build frontend" 1089 command: "npm run build" 1090 environment: 1091 NODE_ENV: "production" 1092``` 1093 1094If you want another example of a workflow, you can look at 1095the one [Tangled uses to build the 1096project](https://tangled.org/@tangled.org/core/blob/master/.tangled/workflows/build.yml). 1097 1098### microVM engine 1099 1100#### Image 1101 1102A workflow picks the image to boot with the top-level `image` 1103field: 1104 1105```yaml 1106engine: microvm 1107image: nixos 1108``` 1109 1110There are two flavours of images: 1111 1112- **NixOS images** (e.g. `nixos`): the whole guest is built 1113 with Nix, so you can configure it from the workflow file 1114 itself. The `dependencies`, `services`, `virtualisation`, 1115 `registry` and `caches` fields below are all understood 1116 here, and the guest builds and activates that configuration 1117 before any of your steps run. 1118- **Non-NixOS images** (e.g. `alpine`): there's no NixOS to 1119 configure, so the workflow-level config fields above have 1120 no effect. You still get a full machine to run steps in. 1121 1122The available image names depend on what the spindle operator 1123has installed. `nixos` and `alpine` are examples. If `image` 1124is omitted, the spindle's configured default image is used. 1125 1126#### Dependencies 1127 1128On the microVM engine, `dependencies` is a flat list of 1129packages that are made available to every step. This field 1130only applies to **NixOS images**; for other images you can 1131use the package manager included in a step. 1132 1133The guest builds a [`nix develop`](https://nix.dev/manual/nix/2.18/command-ref/new-cli/nix3-develop)-style 1134devshell from your dependencies and uses it for each step, 1135so you can, for example, add `pkg-config` and `openssl` and 1136have the `openssl-sys` crate while compiling a Rust project 1137just work. 1138 1139A bare name like `go` is looked up in nixpkgs. You can also 1140point at any flake with the `flakeref#attr` syntax, so 1141`github:nixos/nixpkgs#hello` pulls `hello` straight out of 1142that flake. 1143 1144```yaml 1145dependencies: 1146 - go 1147 - github:nixos/nixpkgs#hello 1148``` 1149 1150#### Registry 1151 1152The `registry` field remaps flake references, the same way 1153`nix registry` does. This lets you pin or alias the flakes 1154used by `dependencies`. 1155 1156For example, pin `nixpkgs` to `nixos-unstable` so that the 1157bare `go` above resolves from unstable, and alias your own 1158flake so you can use `myflake#tool` in `dependencies`: 1159 1160```yaml 1161registry: 1162 nixpkgs: github:nixos/nixpkgs/nixos-unstable 1163 myflake: github:me/x 1164``` 1165 1166#### Caches 1167 1168The `caches` field is a map of Nix binary cache URL to its 1169trusted public key. These are fed into the spindle's read 1170proxy, so the guest can substitute prebuilt paths from them 1171instead of building everything from scratch. 1172 1173```yaml 1174caches: 1175 https://nix-community.cachix.org: "nix-community.cachix.org-1:mB9FSh9qf2dCimDSUo8Zy7bkq5CX+/rkCWyvRCYg3Fs=" 1176``` 1177 1178#### Services and virtualisation 1179 1180The `services` and `virtualisation` fields are passed straight 1181through to NixOS. Anything you could write under 1182`services.*` or `virtualisation.*` in a NixOS configuration, 1183you can write here, and it's brought up before any of your 1184steps run. 1185 1186As a convenience, `true` works as shorthand for 1187`.enable = true` anywhere an `enable` option exists (e.g. 1188`virtualisation.docker: true`). 1189 1190```yaml 1191services: 1192 postgresql: 1193 enable: true 1194 ensureDatabases: ["spindle-workflow"] 1195 ensureUsers: 1196 - name: spindle-workflow 1197 ensureDBOwnership: true 1198 1199virtualisation: 1200 docker: true 1201``` 1202 1203#### Recipes 1204 1205##### Lint, test and build a Node project 1206 1207```yaml 1208when: 1209 - event: ["push", "pull_request"] 1210 branch: ["main"] 1211 1212engine: microvm 1213image: nixos 1214 1215dependencies: 1216 - pnpm 1217 1218steps: 1219 - name: "Install dependencies" 1220 command: pnpm install --frozen-lockfile 1221 - name: "Lint and test" 1222 command: | 1223 pnpm run lint 1224 pnpm test 1225 - name: "Build" 1226 command: pnpm run build 1227``` 1228 1229##### Check formatting 1230 1231```yaml 1232when: 1233 - event: ["push", "pull_request"] 1234 branch: ["main"] 1235 1236engine: microvm 1237image: alpine # slimmer image for checking the formatting 1238 1239steps: 1240 - name: "Install go" 1241 command: apk add go 1242 - name: "Check formatting" 1243 command: test -z $(gofmt -l .) 1244``` 1245 1246##### Build a Rust project that links OpenSSL 1247 1248```yaml 1249when: 1250 - event: ["push", "pull_request"] 1251 branch: ["main"] 1252 1253engine: microvm 1254image: nixos 1255 1256dependencies: 1257 - gcc 1258 - cargo 1259 - rustc 1260 - clippy 1261 - rustfmt 1262 - pkg-config # exports PKG_CONFIG_PATH for the libraries below 1263 - openssl # the C library + headers openssl-sys links against 1264 1265steps: 1266 - name: "Check formatting" 1267 command: cargo fmt --check 1268 - name: "Clippy" 1269 command: cargo clippy --all-targets -- -D warnings 1270 - name: "Test" 1271 command: cargo test --all 1272 - name: "Release build" 1273 command: cargo build --release 1274``` 1275 1276##### Run migrations and integration tests against PostgreSQL 1277 1278```yaml 1279when: 1280 - event: ["push", "pull_request"] 1281 branch: ["main"] 1282 1283engine: microvm 1284image: nixos 1285 1286environment: 1287 DATABASE_URL: "postgresql:///spindle-workflow?host=/run/postgresql" 1288 1289dependencies: 1290 - gcc 1291 - cargo 1292 - rustc 1293 - pkg-config 1294 - openssl 1295 - sqlx-cli 1296 1297services: 1298 postgresql: 1299 enable: true 1300 # has to be same name as the user for peer auth to work automatically 1301 ensureDatabases: ["spindle-workflow"] 1302 ensureUsers: 1303 - name: spindle-workflow 1304 ensureDBOwnership: true 1305 1306steps: 1307 - name: "Run migrations" 1308 command: sqlx migrate run 1309 - name: "Integration tests" 1310 command: cargo test --all 1311``` 1312 1313##### Build and push a Docker image on tag 1314 1315```yaml 1316when: 1317 - event: ["push"] 1318 tag: ["v*"] 1319 1320engine: microvm 1321image: nixos 1322 1323virtualisation: 1324 docker: true 1325 1326steps: 1327 - name: "Build and push to ghcr.io" 1328 command: | 1329 set -euo pipefail 1330 1331 echo "$REGISTRY_TOKEN" | docker login ghcr.io -u "$REGISTRY_USER" --password-stdin 1332 image="ghcr.io/$REGISTRY_USER/myapp:$TANGLED_REF_NAME" 1333 1334 docker build -t "$image" -t "ghcr.io/$REGISTRY_USER/myapp:latest" . 1335 docker push "$image" 1336 docker push "ghcr.io/$REGISTRY_USER/myapp:latest" 1337``` 1338 1339##### Deploy to Cloudflare Workers on tag 1340 1341```yaml 1342# .tangled/workflows/deploy.yml 1343when: 1344 - event: ["push"] 1345 tag: ["v*"] 1346 1347engine: microvm 1348image: nixos 1349 1350dependencies: 1351 - pnpm 1352 1353steps: 1354 - name: "Install dependencies" 1355 command: pnpm install --frozen-lockfile 1356 - name: "Deploy worker" 1357 # `wrangler` picks up `CLOUDFLARE_API_TOKEN` from the env. 1358 # set it under **Settings → Secrets**. 1359 command: pnpm exec wrangler deploy 1360``` 1361 1362##### Publish a release artifact 1363 1364```yaml 1365when: 1366 - event: ["push"] 1367 tag: ["v*"] # trigger on versions 1368 1369engine: microvm 1370image: nixos 1371 1372dependencies: 1373 - go 1374 1375steps: 1376 - name: "Build release binary" 1377 command: | 1378 mkdir -p dist 1379 CGO_ENABLED=0 go build -trimpath -ldflags "-s -w" -o dist/myapp ./cmd/myapp 1380 1381 - name: "Publish artifact record" 1382 command: | 1383 set -euo pipefail 1384 # change this if you're not on `tngl.sh` 1385 PDS="https://tngl.sh" 1386 # also update this to your handle or did 1387 ATP_IDENTIFIER="user.tngl.sh" 1388 ARTIFACT_PATH="dist/myapp" 1389 ARTIFACT_NAME="myapp" 1390 1391 # set `ATP_APP_PASSWORD` under **Settings → Secrets** 1392 session=$(curl -fsS -X POST "$PDS/xrpc/com.atproto.server.createSession" \ 1393 -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ 1394 -d "{\"identifier\":\"$ATP_IDENTIFIER\",\"password\":\"$ATP_APP_PASSWORD\"}") 1395 jwt=$(echo "$session" | jq -r .accessJwt) 1396 did=$(echo "$session" | jq -r .did) 1397 1398 # upload the binary as a blob 1399 blob=$(curl -fsS -X POST "$PDS/xrpc/com.atproto.repo.uploadBlob" \ 1400 -H "Authorization: Bearer $jwt" \ 1401 -H "Content-Type: application/octet-stream" \ 1402 --data-binary @"$ARTIFACT_PATH") 1403 1404 # note that this requires an annotated tag (`git tag -a v1.0.0 -m ...`) 1405 tag_hash=$(git rev-parse "$TANGLED_REF_NAME^{tag}") 1406 tag_bytes=$(printf '%s' "$tag_hash" | xxd -r -p | base64 | tr -d '=') 1407 1408 # the sh.tangled.repo.artifact record for your artifact 1409 record=$(jq -n \ 1410 --arg did "$did" \ 1411 --arg tag "$tag_bytes" \ 1412 --arg name "$ARTIFACT_NAME" \ 1413 --arg repo "$TANGLED_REPO_URL" \ 1414 --arg created "$(date -Iseconds)" \ 1415 --argjson blob "$(echo "$blob" | jq .blob)" '{ 1416 repo: $did, 1417 collection: "sh.tangled.repo.artifact", 1418 validate: false, 1419 record: { 1420 "$type": "sh.tangled.repo.artifact", 1421 tag: {"$bytes": $tag}, 1422 name: $name, 1423 repo: $repo, 1424 artifact: $blob, 1425 createdAt: $created 1426 } 1427 }') 1428 1429 # create the record on the PDS 1430 curl -fsS -X POST "$PDS/xrpc/com.atproto.repo.createRecord" \ 1431 -H "Authorization: Bearer $jwt" \ 1432 -H "Content-Type: application/json" \ 1433 -d "$record" 1434``` 1435 1436## Self-hosting guide 1437 1438### Prerequisites 1439 1440- Go 1441- For the **nixery** engine: Docker (or Podman with Docker 1442 compatibility enabled). 1443- For the **microVM** engine: a Linux host with KVM, plus the 1444 microVM host dependencies described in [Running microVM 1445 workflows](#running-microvm-workflows). 1446 1447### Configuration 1448 1449Spindle is configured using environment variables. The following environment variables are available: 1450 1451- `SPINDLE_SERVER_LISTEN_ADDR`: The address the server listens on (default: `"0.0.0.0:6555"`). 1452- `SPINDLE_SERVER_DB_PATH`: The path to the SQLite database file (default: `"spindle.db"`). 1453- `SPINDLE_SERVER_HOSTNAME`: The hostname of the server (required). 1454- `SPINDLE_SERVER_ADMIN_PASSWORD`: The password for the `/admin` endpoints used by `spindle admin allow|block` to manage members. When unset, the `/admin` endpoints are not mounted at all (default: `""`). 1455- `SPINDLE_SERVER_JETSTREAM_ENDPOINT`: The endpoint of the Jetstream server (default: `"wss://jetstream1.us-west.bsky.network/subscribe"`). 1456- `SPINDLE_SERVER_DEV`: A boolean indicating whether the server is running in development mode (default: `false`). 1457- `SPINDLE_SERVER_INVITE_ONLY`: A boolean indicating whether only members of this spindle may register repos. When `false`, the spindle accepts repos from anyone on the network (default: `true`). 1458- `SPINDLE_SERVER_LOG_DIR`: The directory to store workflow logs (default: `"/var/log/spindle"`). 1459- `SPINDLE_SERVER_DOCKER_SOCKET`: Path to Docker socket to expose to invoked Spindle containers (default: `""`). 1460- `SPINDLE_NIXERY_PIPELINES_NIXERY`: The Nixery URL (default: `"nixery.tangled.sh"`). 1461- `SPINDLE_NIXERY_PIPELINES_WORKFLOW_TIMEOUT`: The default workflow timeout (default: `"5m"`). 1462 1463For the microVM engine, the following are also available 1464(prefix `SPINDLE_MICROVM_PIPELINES_`): 1465 1466- `SPINDLE_MICROVM_PIPELINES_IMAGE_DIR`: Directory containing 1467 microVM images (**required** to use the engine). See 1468 [Running microVM workflows](#running-microvm-workflows). 1469- `SPINDLE_MICROVM_PIPELINES_DEFAULT_IMAGE`: Image used when a 1470 workflow doesn't set `image` (default: `"nixos-x86_64"`). 1471- `SPINDLE_MICROVM_PIPELINES_OVERLAY_DIR`: Where per-workflow 1472 temporary disks are created (default: the system temp dir). 1473- `SPINDLE_MICROVM_PIPELINES_ENABLE_KVM`: Use KVM hardware 1474 acceleration (default: `true`). Without KVM, guests fall 1475 back to slow software emulation. 1476- `SPINDLE_MICROVM_PIPELINES_WORKFLOW_TIMEOUT`: Default 1477 workflow timeout (default: `"5m"`). 1478 1479Optional resource limits (a value of `0` disables that 1480limit). The limits cap usage across all running microVM 1481workflows: 1482 1483- `SPINDLE_MICROVM_PIPELINES_MAX_TOTAL_MEMORY_MIB` 1484- `SPINDLE_MICROVM_PIPELINES_MAX_TOTAL_VCPUS` 1485- `SPINDLE_MICROVM_PIPELINES_MAX_TOTAL_DISK_MIB` 1486 1487Optional cgroup enforcement: 1488 1489- `SPINDLE_MICROVM_PIPELINES_ENABLE_CGROUPS`: Place each 1490 workflow's QEMU and slirp4netns in a per-workflow cgroup= 1491 (default: `false`). 1492- `SPINDLE_MICROVM_PIPELINES_CGROUP_PARENT`: Parent cgroup; 1493 `self` resolves the spindle service's own cgroup (default: 1494 `"self"`). 1495- `SPINDLE_MICROVM_PIPELINES_CGROUP_PIDS_MAX`: Max processes 1496 per workflow cgroup (default: `4096`). 1497- `SPINDLE_MICROVM_PIPELINES_CGROUP_SWAP_MAX_MIB`: Max swap 1498 per workflow cgroup (default: `0`, no swap). 1499- `SPINDLE_MICROVM_PIPELINES_CGROUP_SUPERVISOR_MEMORY_MIN_MIB`: 1500 Memory protected for spindle itself so it isn't OOM-killed 1501 before the workflows (default: `512`). 1502 1503To push paths built inside microVMs back to a shared Nix 1504cache (and read from it), configure the cache (prefix 1505`SPINDLE_NIX_CACHE_`): 1506 1507- `SPINDLE_NIX_CACHE_READ_URLS`: Comma-separated binary cache 1508 URLs the guest reads from. 1509- `SPINDLE_NIX_CACHE_TRUSTED_PUBLIC_KEYS`: Comma-separated 1510 trusted public keys for those caches. 1511- `SPINDLE_NIX_CACHE_UPLOAD_URL`: Cache URL that paths built 1512 in the guest are uploaded to. 1513 1514### Running spindle 1515 15161. **Set the environment variables.** For example: 1517 1518 ```shell 1519 export SPINDLE_SERVER_HOSTNAME="your-hostname" 1520 ``` 1521 15222. **Build the Spindle binary.** 1523 1524 ```shell 1525 cd core 1526 go mod download 1527 go build -o cmd/spindle/spindle cmd/spindle/main.go 1528 ``` 1529 15303. **Create the log directory.** 1531 1532 ```shell 1533 sudo mkdir -p /var/log/spindle 1534 sudo chown $USER:$USER -R /var/log/spindle 1535 ``` 1536 15374. **Run the Spindle binary.** 1538 1539 ```shell 1540 ./cmd/spindle/spindle 1541 ``` 1542 1543Spindle will now start, connect to the Jetstream server, and begin processing pipelines. 1544 1545Spindles are not registered with the appview. To point a repository at 1546yours, type its hostname into the spindle field under the repository's 1547pipeline settings (or when creating or forking a repo); recently used 1548spindles are offered as suggestions. The spindle picks the repo up from 1549the network and runs its pipelines if its owner is a member. 1550 1551### Managing members 1552 1553An invite-only spindle (the default, see `SPINDLE_SERVER_INVITE_ONLY`) only 1554accepts repos whose owner is a member. Members are managed over the `/admin` 1555endpoints, which authenticate with `SPINDLE_SERVER_ADMIN_PASSWORD`: 1556 1557```shell 1558export SPINDLE_SERVER_ADMIN_PASSWORD="your-admin-password" 1559spindle admin --url http://localhost:6555 allow did:plc:examplemember 1560spindle admin --url http://localhost:6555 block did:plc:examplemember 1561``` 1562 1563Blocking keeps the DID on record and denies it, so a blocked DID stays blocked 1564until you allow it again. 1565 1566If `SPINDLE_SERVER_ADMIN_PASSWORD` is unset the spindle still starts, but the 1567`/admin` endpoints are not mounted (they return 404) and `spindle admin` cannot 1568be used, so set it if you run an invite-only spindle. 1569 1570### Running microVM workflows 1571 1572The microVM engine needs a few extra things on the host, and 1573it needs images to boot. 1574 1575#### Host dependencies 1576 1577microVM workflows depend on a handful of host tools and 1578devices. spindle checks for the ones an image needs right 1579before it launches, so a missing dependency surfaces as a 1580clear error. You'll need: 1581 1582- `qemu`: the runner. The QEMU binary for the image's arch 1583 must be present (e.g. `qemu-system-x86_64`). 1584- `mkfs.ext4` (from `e2fsprogs`): to format the per-workflow 1585 writable volumes. 1586- [`slirp4netns`](https://github.com/rootless-containers/slirp4netns#install), 1587 `ip` (from `iproute2`), `mount` and `unshare` (from `util-linux`): 1588 used to sandbox guest networking. 1589- `/dev/kvm`: for hardware acceleration (unless you disable 1590 KVM with `SPINDLE_MICROVM_PIPELINES_ENABLE_KVM=false`). 1591- `/dev/vhost-vsock`: used by QEMU to enable guest-to-host vsock 1592 communication. 1593- `/dev/vsock`: used by spindle on the host to listen on vsock ports 1594 and accept guest agent connections. 1595- `/dev/net/tun`: required by `slirp4netns` to set up tap devices 1596 for sandboxed guest networking. 1597 1598On NixOS, the [spindle 1599module](https://tangled.org/tangled.org/core/blob/master/nix/modules/spindle.nix) 1600puts `qemu`, `e2fsprogs`, `slirp4netns`, `iproute2` and 1601`util-linux` on the service's `PATH` for you. 1602 1603#### Container virtualization 1604 1605Running `spindle` inside a container (e.g., Docker, Podman, or LXD) requires passing host device nodes into the container and granting the runtime additional privileges. Because spindle uses nested namespaces (`unshare`) and helper tools (`slirp4netns`), the container configuration will require: 1606 1607- `/dev/vsock`, `/dev/vhost-vsock`, `/dev/kvm`, and `/dev/net/tun` mapped from the host. 1608- `NET_ADMIN` and `SYS_ADMIN` capabilities to manage network namespaces and mounts inside the container. 1609- Relaxed seccomp filters (e.g., `seccomp=unconfined`) and SELinux/AppArmor containment if they restrict namespace creation or device access. 1610 1611#### Building images 1612 1613Images are built with Nix. The flake exposes packages for the 1614two stock images (use the `-tarball` prefixed ones for a gzipped 1615tarball you can copy to another host): 1616 1617```shell 1618# a NixOS image 1619nix build .#spindle-nixos-image 1620# an Alpine image 1621nix build .#spindle-alpine-image 1622``` 1623 1624#### Installing images 1625 1626Spindle looks for images in 1627`SPINDLE_MICROVM_PIPELINES_IMAGE_DIR`. An image is resolved by 1628the name a workflow puts in its `image` field, matched 1629literally against what's on disk: 1630 16311. a directory `<name>/` containing a `spec.json` (next to the 1632 kernel/initrd/store-disk), or 16332. a flat `<name>.json` self-contained spec. 1634 1635Resolution depends only on the name and what's on disk, never 1636on the host doing the resolving, so the same workflow resolves 1637to the same image on every spindle. If you keep multiple 1638arches side by side, you can name them `<name>-<arch>` (e.g. 1639`nixos-x86_64`, `alpine-aarch64`); the suffix is just part of 1640the name. To make a name like `nixos` work if you are hosting 1641multiple arches, you can use symlinks. 1642 1643On NixOS, you'll most likely want to use `systemd.tmpfiles.rules` 1644to set these up declaratively. 1645 1646## Architecture 1647 1648Spindle is a small CI runner service. Here's a high-level overview of how it operates: 1649 1650- Listens for [`sh.tangled.spindle.member`](/lexicons/spindle/member.json) and 1651 [`sh.tangled.repo`](/lexicons/repo.json) records on the Jetstream. 1652- When a new repo record comes through (typically when you add a spindle to a 1653 repo from the settings), spindle then resolves the underlying knot and 1654 subscribes to repo events (see: 1655 [`sh.tangled.pipeline`](/lexicons/pipeline.json)). 1656- The spindle engine then handles execution of the pipeline, with results and 1657 logs beamed on the spindle event stream over WebSocket 1658 1659### The engines 1660 1661Spindle has two execution backends, picked per-workflow with 1662the [`engine`](#engine) field: 1663 1664- **nixery**: executes each step in a fresh Docker container 1665 (Podman works too, if Docker compatibility is enabled so 1666 that `/run/docker.sock` is created), with state persisted 1667 across steps within the `/tangled/workspace` directory. The 1668 base image for the container is constructed on the fly using 1669 [Nixery](https://nixery.dev), which is/rhandy for caching 1670 layers for frequently used packages. 1671- **microvm**: runs the whole workflow inside its own 1672 microVM, supporting different images, with extra 1673 configuration for NixOS images (e.g. services in workflow file) 1674 See the [engine 1675 README](https://tangled.org/tangled.org/core/blob/master/spindle/engines/microvm/README.md) 1676 for the architecture in depth. 1677 1678The pipeline manifest is [specified here](https://docs.tangled.org/spindles.html#pipelines). 1679 1680## Secrets with openbao 1681 1682This document covers setting up spindle to use OpenBao for secrets 1683management via OpenBao Proxy instead of the default SQLite backend. 1684 1685### Overview 1686 1687Spindle now uses OpenBao Proxy for secrets management. The proxy handles 1688authentication automatically using AppRole credentials, while spindle 1689connects to the local proxy instead of directly to the OpenBao server. 1690 1691This approach provides better security, automatic token renewal, and 1692simplified application code. 1693 1694### Installation 1695 1696Install OpenBao from Nixpkgs: 1697 1698```bash 1699nix shell nixpkgs#openbao # for a local server 1700``` 1701 1702### Setup 1703 1704The setup process can is documented for both local development and production. 1705 1706#### Local development 1707 1708Start OpenBao in dev mode: 1709 1710```bash 1711bao server -dev -dev-root-token-id="root" -dev-listen-address=127.0.0.1:8201 1712``` 1713 1714This starts OpenBao on `http://localhost:8201` with a root token. 1715 1716Set up environment for bao CLI: 1717 1718```bash 1719export BAO_ADDR=http://localhost:8200 1720export BAO_TOKEN=root 1721``` 1722 1723#### Production 1724 1725You would typically use a systemd service with a 1726configuration file. Refer to 1727[@tangled.org/infra](https://tangled.org/@tangled.org/infra) 1728for how this can be achieved using Nix. 1729 1730Then, initialize the bao server: 1731 1732```bash 1733bao operator init -key-shares=1 -key-threshold=1 1734``` 1735 1736This will print out an unseal key and a root key. Save them 1737somewhere (like a password manager). Then unseal the vault 1738to begin setting it up: 1739 1740```bash 1741bao operator unseal <unseal_key> 1742``` 1743 1744All steps below remain the same across both dev and 1745production setups. 1746 1747#### Configure openbao server 1748 1749Create the spindle KV mount: 1750 1751```bash 1752bao secrets enable -path=spindle -version=2 kv 1753``` 1754 1755Set up AppRole authentication and policy: 1756 1757Create a policy file `spindle-policy.hcl`: 1758 1759```hcl 1760# Full access to spindle KV v2 data 1761path "spindle/data/*" { 1762 capabilities = ["create", "read", "update", "delete"] 1763} 1764 1765# Access to metadata for listing and management 1766path "spindle/metadata/*" { 1767 capabilities = ["list", "read", "delete", "update"] 1768} 1769 1770# Allow listing at root level 1771path "spindle/" { 1772 capabilities = ["list"] 1773} 1774 1775# Required for connection testing and health checks 1776path "auth/token/lookup-self" { 1777 capabilities = ["read"] 1778} 1779``` 1780 1781Apply the policy and create an AppRole: 1782 1783```bash 1784bao policy write spindle-policy spindle-policy.hcl 1785bao auth enable approle 1786bao write auth/approle/role/spindle \ 1787 token_policies="spindle-policy" \ 1788 token_ttl=1h \ 1789 token_max_ttl=4h \ 1790 bind_secret_id=true \ 1791 secret_id_ttl=0 \ 1792 secret_id_num_uses=0 1793``` 1794 1795Get the credentials: 1796 1797```bash 1798# Get role ID (static) 1799ROLE_ID=$(bao read -field=role_id auth/approle/role/spindle/role-id) 1800 1801# Generate secret ID 1802SECRET_ID=$(bao write -f -field=secret_id auth/approle/role/spindle/secret-id) 1803 1804echo "Role ID: $ROLE_ID" 1805echo "Secret ID: $SECRET_ID" 1806``` 1807 1808#### Create proxy configuration 1809 1810Create the credential files: 1811 1812```bash 1813# Create directory for OpenBao files 1814mkdir -p /tmp/openbao 1815 1816# Save credentials 1817echo "$ROLE_ID" > /tmp/openbao/role-id 1818echo "$SECRET_ID" > /tmp/openbao/secret-id 1819chmod 600 /tmp/openbao/role-id /tmp/openbao/secret-id 1820``` 1821 1822Create a proxy configuration file `/tmp/openbao/proxy.hcl`: 1823 1824```hcl 1825# OpenBao server connection 1826vault { 1827 address = "http://localhost:8200" 1828} 1829 1830# Auto-Auth using AppRole 1831auto_auth { 1832 method "approle" { 1833 mount_path = "auth/approle" 1834 config = { 1835 role_id_file_path = "/tmp/openbao/role-id" 1836 secret_id_file_path = "/tmp/openbao/secret-id" 1837 } 1838 } 1839 1840 # Optional: write token to file for debugging 1841 sink "file" { 1842 config = { 1843 path = "/tmp/openbao/token" 1844 mode = 0640 1845 } 1846 } 1847} 1848 1849# Proxy listener for spindle 1850listener "tcp" { 1851 address = "127.0.0.1:8201" 1852 tls_disable = true 1853} 1854 1855# Enable API proxy with auto-auth token 1856api_proxy { 1857 use_auto_auth_token = true 1858} 1859 1860# Enable response caching 1861cache { 1862 use_auto_auth_token = true 1863} 1864 1865# Logging 1866log_level = "info" 1867``` 1868 1869#### Start the proxy 1870 1871Start OpenBao Proxy: 1872 1873```bash 1874bao proxy -config=/tmp/openbao/proxy.hcl 1875``` 1876 1877The proxy will authenticate with OpenBao and start listening on 1878`127.0.0.1:8201`. 1879 1880#### Configure spindle 1881 1882Set these environment variables for spindle: 1883 1884```bash 1885export SPINDLE_SERVER_SECRETS_PROVIDER=openbao 1886export SPINDLE_SERVER_SECRETS_OPENBAO_PROXY_ADDR=http://127.0.0.1:8201 1887export SPINDLE_SERVER_SECRETS_OPENBAO_MOUNT=spindle 1888``` 1889 1890On startup, spindle will now connect to the local proxy, 1891which handles all authentication automatically. 1892 1893### Production setup for proxy 1894 1895For production, you'll want to run the proxy as a service: 1896 1897Place your production configuration in 1898`/etc/openbao/proxy.hcl` with proper TLS settings for the 1899vault connection. 1900 1901### Verifying setup 1902 1903Test the proxy directly: 1904 1905```bash 1906# Check proxy health 1907curl -H "X-Vault-Request: true" http://127.0.0.1:8201/v1/sys/health 1908 1909# Test token lookup through proxy 1910curl -H "X-Vault-Request: true" http://127.0.0.1:8201/v1/auth/token/lookup-self 1911``` 1912 1913Test OpenBao operations through the server: 1914 1915```bash 1916# List all secrets 1917bao kv list spindle/ 1918 1919# Add a test secret via the spindle API, then check it exists 1920bao kv list spindle/repos/ 1921 1922# Get a specific secret 1923bao kv get spindle/repos/your_repo_path/SECRET_NAME 1924``` 1925 1926### How it works 1927 1928- Spindle connects to OpenBao Proxy on localhost (typically 1929 port 8200 or 8201) 1930- The proxy authenticates with OpenBao using AppRole 1931 credentials 1932- All spindle requests go through the proxy, which injects 1933 authentication tokens 1934- Secrets are stored at 1935 `spindle/repos/{sanitized_repo_path}/{secret_key}` 1936- Repository paths like `did:plc:alice/myrepo` become 1937 `did_plc_alice_myrepo` 1938- The proxy handles all token renewal automatically 1939- Spindle no longer manages tokens or authentication 1940 directly 1941 1942### Troubleshooting 1943 1944**Connection refused**: Check that the OpenBao Proxy is 1945running and listening on the configured address. 1946 1947**403 errors**: Verify the AppRole credentials are correct 1948and the policy has the necessary permissions. 1949 1950**404 route errors**: The spindle KV mount probably doesn't 1951exist—run the mount creation step again. 1952 1953**Proxy authentication failures**: Check the proxy logs and 1954verify the role-id and secret-id files are readable and 1955contain valid credentials. 1956 1957**Secret not found after writing**: This can indicate policy 1958permission issues. Verify the policy includes both 1959`spindle/data/*` and `spindle/metadata/*` paths with 1960appropriate capabilities. 1961 1962Check proxy logs: 1963 1964```bash 1965# If running as systemd service 1966journalctl -u openbao-proxy -f 1967 1968# If running directly, check the console output 1969``` 1970 1971Test AppRole authentication manually: 1972 1973```bash 1974bao write auth/approle/login \ 1975 role_id="$(cat /tmp/openbao/role-id)" \ 1976 secret_id="$(cat /tmp/openbao/secret-id)" 1977``` 1978 1979# Webhooks 1980 1981Webhooks allow you to receive HTTP POST notifications when events occur in your repositories. This enables you to integrate Tangled with external services, trigger CI/CD pipelines, send notifications, or automate workflows. 1982 1983## Overview 1984 1985Webhooks send HTTP POST requests to URLs you configure whenever specific events happen. Currently, Tangled supports push, repository rename, and pull request events, with more event types coming soon. 1986 1987## Configuring webhooks 1988 1989To set up a webhook for your repository: 1990 19911. Navigate to your repository 19922. Go to **Settings → Hooks** 19933. Click **new webhook** 19944. Configure your webhook: 1995 - **Payload URL**: The endpoint that will receive the webhook POST requests 1996 - **Secret**: An optional secret key for verifying webhook authenticity (leave blank to send unsigned webhooks) 1997 - **Events**: Select which events trigger the webhook 1998 - **Active**: Toggle whether the webhook is enabled 1999 2000## Webhook payload 2001 2002### Push 2003 2004When a push event occurs, Tangled sends a POST request with a JSON payload of the format: 2005 2006```json 2007{ 2008 "after": "7b320e5cbee2734071e4310c1d9ae401d8f6cab5", 2009 "before": "c04ddf64eddc90e4e2a9846ba3b43e67a0e2865e", 2010 "pusher": { 2011 "did": "did:plc:hwevmowznbiukdf6uk5dwrrq" 2012 }, 2013 "ref": "refs/heads/main", 2014 "repository": { 2015 "clone_url": "https://tangled.org/did:plc:hwevmowznbiukdf6uk5dwrrq/some-repo", 2016 "created_at": "2025-09-15T08:57:23Z", 2017 "description": "an example repository", 2018 "fork": false, 2019 "full_name": "did:plc:hwevmowznbiukdf6uk5dwrrq/some-repo", 2020 "html_url": "https://tangled.org/did:plc:hwevmowznbiukdf6uk5dwrrq/some-repo", 2021 "name": "some-repo", 2022 "open_issues_count": 5, 2023 "owner": { 2024 "did": "did:plc:hwevmowznbiukdf6uk5dwrrq" 2025 }, 2026 "ssh_url": "ssh://git@tangled.org/did:plc:hwevmowznbiukdf6uk5dwrrq/some-repo", 2027 "stars_count": 1, 2028 "updated_at": "2025-09-15T08:57:23Z" 2029 } 2030} 2031``` 2032 2033### Pull request 2034 2035Pull request events are sent as separate event types, so you can subscribe to 2036exactly the transitions you care about: 2037 2038- `pull_request:created` — a pull request was opened 2039- `pull_request:resubmitted` — a new round (revision) was pushed to a pull request 2040- `pull_request:merged` — a pull request was merged 2041- `pull_request:closed` — a pull request was closed 2042- `pull_request:reopened` — a closed pull request was reopened 2043 2044All pull request events share the same payload format: 2045 2046```json 2047{ 2048 "action": "created", 2049 "pull_request": { 2050 "number": 4, 2051 "title": "add dark mode", 2052 "body": "implements dark mode as discussed in #2", 2053 "state": "open", 2054 "target_branch": "main", 2055 "source": { 2056 "branch": "dark-mode", 2057 "sha": "7b320e5cbee2734071e4310c1d9ae401d8f6cab5" 2058 }, 2059 "round_number": 0, 2060 "owner": { 2061 "did": "did:plc:hwevmowznbiukdf6uk5dwrrq" 2062 }, 2063 "html_url": "https://tangled.org/did:plc:hwevmowznbiukdf6uk5dwrrq/some-repo/pulls/4", 2064 "patch_url": "https://tangled.org/did:plc:hwevmowznbiukdf6uk5dwrrq/some-repo/pulls/4/round/0.patch", 2065 "created_at": "2025-09-15T08:57:23Z" 2066 }, 2067 "repository": { ... }, 2068 "sender": { 2069 "did": "did:plc:hwevmowznbiukdf6uk5dwrrq" 2070 } 2071} 2072``` 2073 2074Notes: 2075 2076- `action` mirrors the event type suffix (`created`, `resubmitted`, `merged`, `closed`, `reopened`). 2077- `repository` has the same format as in the push payload. 2078- The patch itself is not embedded in the payload (patches can be large); fetch it from `patch_url` instead. `round_number` identifies the latest round, and `patch_url` always points at that round's patch. 2079- `source` is only present for branch-based and fork-based pull requests; it is omitted for patch-based pulls. For fork-based pulls, `source.repo` contains the DID of the source repository. 2080- `sender` is the user who performed the action. 2081 2082## HTTP headers 2083 2084Each webhook request includes the following headers: 2085 2086- `Content-Type: application/json` 2087- `User-Agent: Tangled-Hook/<short-sha>` — User agent with short SHA of the commit (push events); `Tangled-Hook/pull_request` for pull request events 2088- `X-Tangled-Event: push` — The full event type (e.g. `push`, `pull_request:merged`) 2089- `X-Tangled-Hook-ID: <webhook-id>` — The webhook ID 2090- `X-Tangled-Delivery: <uuid>` — Unique delivery ID 2091- `X-Tangled-Signature-256: sha256=<hmac>` — HMAC-SHA256 signature (if secret configured) 2092 2093## Verifying webhook signatures 2094 2095If you configured a secret, you should verify the webhook signature to ensure requests are authentic. For example, in Go: 2096 2097```go 2098package main 2099 2100import ( 2101 "crypto/hmac" 2102 "crypto/sha256" 2103 "encoding/hex" 2104 "io" 2105 "net/http" 2106 "strings" 2107) 2108 2109func verifySignature(payload []byte, signatureHeader, secret string) bool { 2110 // Remove 'sha256=' prefix from signature header 2111 signature := strings.TrimPrefix(signatureHeader, "sha256=") 2112 2113 // Compute expected signature 2114 mac := hmac.New(sha256.New, []byte(secret)) 2115 mac.Write(payload) 2116 expected := hex.EncodeToString(mac.Sum(nil)) 2117 2118 // Use constant-time comparison to prevent timing attacks 2119 return hmac.Equal([]byte(signature), []byte(expected)) 2120} 2121 2122func webhookHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { 2123 // Read the request body 2124 payload, err := io.ReadAll(r.Body) 2125 if err != nil { 2126 http.Error(w, "Bad request", http.StatusBadRequest) 2127 return 2128 } 2129 2130 // Get signature from header 2131 signatureHeader := r.Header.Get("X-Tangled-Signature-256") 2132 2133 // Verify signature 2134 if signatureHeader != "" && verifySignature(payload, signatureHeader, yourSecret) { 2135 // Webhook is authentic, process it 2136 processWebhook(payload) 2137 w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK) 2138 } else { 2139 http.Error(w, "Invalid signature", http.StatusUnauthorized) 2140 } 2141} 2142``` 2143 2144## Delivery retries 2145 2146Webhooks are automatically retried on failure: 2147 2148- **3 total attempts** (1 initial + 2 retries) 2149- **Exponential backoff** starting at 1 second, max 10 seconds 2150- **Retried on**: 2151 - Network errors 2152 - HTTP 5xx server errors 2153- **Not retried on**: 2154 - HTTP 4xx client errors (bad request, unauthorized, etc.) 2155 2156### Timeouts 2157 2158Webhook requests timeout after 30 seconds. If your endpoint needs more time: 2159 21601. Respond with 200 OK immediately 21612. Process the webhook asynchronously in the background 2162 2163## Example integrations 2164 2165### Discord notifications 2166 2167```javascript 2168app.post("/webhook", (req, res) => { 2169 const payload = req.body; 2170 2171 fetch("https://discord.com/api/webhooks/...", { 2172 method: "POST", 2173 headers: { "Content-Type": "application/json" }, 2174 body: JSON.stringify({ 2175 content: `New push to ${payload.repository.full_name}`, 2176 embeds: [ 2177 { 2178 title: `${payload.pusher.did} pushed to ${payload.ref}`, 2179 url: payload.repository.html_url, 2180 color: 0x00ff00, 2181 }, 2182 ], 2183 }), 2184 }); 2185 2186 res.status(200).send("OK"); 2187}); 2188``` 2189 2190# Migrating knots and spindles 2191 2192Sometimes, non-backwards compatible changes are made to the 2193knot/spindle XRPC APIs. If you host a knot or a spindle, you 2194will need to follow this guide to upgrade. Typically, this 2195only requires you to deploy the newest version. 2196 2197This document is laid out in reverse-chronological order. 2198Newer migration guides are listed first, and older guides 2199are further down the page. 2200 2201## Upgrading to v1.16.0-alpha 2202 2203Starting with v1.16.0-alpha, spindles own CI pipeline data 2204directly. The appview no longer stores pipeline runs or follows 2205spindle event streams for pipeline history. Instead, it asks the 2206configured spindle for pipeline lists, single pipeline details, 2207workflow logs, retries, and cancellations over XRPC. 2208 2209This means that existing pipeline logs / runs won't appear after 2210you upgrade. Existing pipeline history from the appview cannot be 2211automatically migrated. If you want to migrate your data, you can 2212reach out to us and we will send you an SQL file that'll add the data 2213into your spindle. 2214 2215- Upgrade to the latest tag (v1.16.0 or above) 2216- Head to the [spindle 2217 dashboard](https://tangled.org/settings/spindles) and hit the 2218 "retry" button to verify your spindle 2219 2220## Upgrading to v1.15.0-alpha 2221 2222With v1.15.0-alpha, a knot itself owns its members and 2223per-repo collaborators directly. Previously this data was sourced from 2224PDS records (`sh.tangled.knot.member` and `sh.tangled.repo.collaborator`) 2225that the appview and the knot both read off the firehose. 2226The knot is now the source of truth and serves them over XRPC instead: 2227 2228- `sh.tangled.knot.addMember`, `sh.tangled.knot.removeMember`, `sh.tangled.knot.listMembers` 2229- `sh.tangled.repo.addCollaborator`, `sh.tangled.repo.removeCollaborator`, `sh.tangled.repo.listCollaborators` 2230 2231Until your knot is upgraded, the appview keeps reading its 2232members and collaborators from the old firehose-sourced records. 2233Upgrade to move your knot onto knot-owned access control. 2234 2235- Upgrade to the latest tag (v1.15.0 or above) 2236- Head to the [knot dashboard](https://tangled.org/settings/knots) and 2237 hit the "retry" button to verify your knot 2238 2239## Upgrading to v1.14.0-alpha 2240 2241Starting with v1.14.0-alpha, the fully knot uses the repoDID as its 2242canonical handle for repositories. This unlocks repository 2243renames from the appview UI and changes the wire format for 2244the following lexicons (`sh.tangled.repo.pull`, `sh.tangled.repo.collaborator`, 2245`sh.tangled.repo.issue`, `sh.tangled.git.refUpdate`). 2246 2247Knots that have not been upgraded may silently drop new push 2248events, pull requests, issues, and collaborator invites for 2249repositories they host until upgraded. So upgrade please!!! 2250 2251- Upgrade to the latest tag (v1.14.0 or above) 2252- Head to the [knot dashboard](https://tangled.org/settings/knots) and 2253 hit the "retry" button to verify your knot 2254 2255## Upgrading to v1.13.0-alpha 2256 2257Starting with v1.13.0-alpha, every repository on a knot is 2258assigned a DID. This makes repositories stable across 2259renames and transfers. 2260 2261When you upgrade your knot to this version, the server will 2262automatically mint DIDs for all existing repositories on 2263startup. This is a one-time process and you may see 2264additional log output during the first boot as DIDs are 2265assigned. 2266 2267- Upgrade to the latest tag (v1.13.0 or above) 2268- Head to the [knot dashboard](https://tangled.org/settings/knots) and 2269 hit the "retry" button to verify your knot 2270 2271## Upgrading from v1.8.x 2272 2273After v1.8.2, the HTTP API for knots and spindles has been 2274deprecated and replaced with XRPC. Repositories on outdated 2275knots will not be viewable from the appview. Upgrading is 2276straightforward however. 2277 2278For knots: 2279 2280- Upgrade to the latest tag (v1.9.0 or above) 2281- Head to the [knot dashboard](https://tangled.org/settings/knots) and 2282 hit the "retry" button to verify your knot 2283 2284For spindles: 2285 2286- Upgrade to the latest tag (v1.9.0 or above) 2287- Head to the [spindle 2288 dashboard](https://tangled.org/settings/spindles) and hit the 2289 "retry" button to verify your spindle 2290 2291## Upgrading from v1.7.x 2292 2293After v1.7.0, knot secrets have been deprecated. You no 2294longer need a secret from the appview to run a knot. All 2295authorized commands to knots are managed via [Inter-Service 2296Authentication](https://atproto.com/specs/xrpc#inter-service-authentication-jwt). 2297Knots will be read-only until upgraded. 2298 2299Upgrading is quite easy, in essence: 2300 2301- `KNOT_SERVER_SECRET` is no more, you can remove this 2302 environment variable entirely 2303- `KNOT_SERVER_OWNER` is now required on boot, set this to 2304 your DID. You can find your DID in the 2305 [settings](https://tangled.org/settings) page. 2306- Restart your knot once you have replaced the environment 2307 variable 2308- Head to the [knot dashboard](https://tangled.org/settings/knots) and 2309 hit the "retry" button to verify your knot. This simply 2310 writes a `sh.tangled.knot` record to your PDS. 2311 2312If you use the nix module, simply bump the flake to the 2313latest revision, and change your config block like so: 2314 2315```diff 2316 services.tangled.knot = { 2317 enable = true; 2318 server = { 2319- secretFile = /path/to/secret; 2320+ owner = "did:plc:foo"; 2321 }; 2322 }; 2323``` 2324 2325# Bobbin 2326 2327Bobbin is an API appview for Tangled records. It serves XRPC 2328endpoints for `sh.tangled.*`, with it you can get repos, 2329issues, pulls, comments, follows, stars, labels, pipelines, 2330and profiles. It is read-only, there is no auth, since that 2331should all be handled direct-to-PDS and knot respectively. 2332 2333**Bobbin has no permanent storage**. 2334 2335It is only a glorified edge index, in the graph theory 2336sense. Additionally it has a record cache, re-filled on 2337demand. All other data that Bobbin serves comes live from 2338PDSes & knots. 2339 2340## What Bobbin needs 2341 2342The way that Bobbin is able to pull off being 2343so stateless is by moving state upstream. 2344Primarily it depends on an instance of 2345[Hydrant](https://tangled.org/did:plc:6v3ul2ptnqctyxwkz5ti4amn) 2346, which is the service that gives an event stream 2347for Bobbin to quickly backfill from on every restart. 2348Backfilling ought to take less than a couple of minutes 2349maximum. If the upstream instance of Hydrant fails 2350while Bobbin is live, its list/count endpoints stop 2351advancing and report a stale cursor. Single-lookups 2352will continue working, due to the second dependency: 2353[Slingshot](https://tangled.org/did:plc:c7mc2fn47ihdihul4vjwsuy3/tree/main/slingshot). 2354Slingshot fetches individual records & resolves identities. 2355If the upstream instance of Slingshot fails, single-lookups 2356will fail with a `502` error. There are some aggregation 2357endpoints that use Slingshot for hydrating, which will also 2358fail. 2359 2360A soft dependency that ought to exist for Bobbin to operate 2361correctly is simply the plethora of knots that are out 2362there, that Bobbin talks to directly for git data and, for 2363knots at v1.15+, members & collaborators. 2364 2365## Building Bobbin 2366 2367Bobbin is under [Tangled's core monorepo, under bobbin/](https://tangled.org/did:plc:j5hmlfdrwkvtxm7cjmu7j2is/tree/master/bobbin). 2368Here's an easy local debug-build: 2369 2370```sh 2371cargo build -p bobbin 2372``` 2373 2374Bobbin loves being in a container. When using 2375`bobbin/containerfiles/bobbin.Containerfile`, it runs `cargo 2376build --release --bin bobbin --package bobbin` within a 2377little Debian runtime, exposing port 8090. 2378 2379## Configuration 2380 2381The best way to configure Bobbin is via a toml config file. 2382There's an `example.toml` in [Bobbin's subdir](https://tangled.org/did:plc:j5hmlfdrwkvtxm7cjmu7j2is/blob/master/bobbin/example.toml). 2383Every value is overridable by a `BOBBIN_*` env var. 2384The load order is env, then `--config <path>`, then 2385`/etc/bobbin/config.toml`, then built-in defaults. 2386 2387Load and check a config without starting the server: 2388 2389```sh 2390bobbin --config config.toml validate 2391``` 2392 2393Minimal config is the two upstream URLs. The hydrant URL 2394takes `ws://` or `wss://`. An `http://` or `https://` 2395URL is rewritten to the matching websocket scheme at 2396connection-time. 2397 2398```toml 2399[server] 2400binds = ["127.0.0.1:8090"] 2401 2402# Loopback-only & can leave empty to disable debug introspection. 2403debug_bind = "127.0.0.1:8091" 2404 2405[hydrant] 2406url = "https://hydrant.example.com" 2407 2408[slingshot] 2409url = "https://slingshot.example.com" 2410``` 2411 2412> 🦪 Lewis 2413> 2414> At time of writing, we (Tangled) don't host public 2415> instances of Hydrant or Slingshot. You will have to 2416> find public instances or spin these up yourself! :P 2417 2418Take a gander in the project's example.toml for an 2419exhaustive list of things to configure. 2420 2421You will discover fun things such as a configurable adaptive 2422loop that watches the cgroup memory limit & throttles heavy 2423requests under pressure. It only works if it detects a 2424cgroup limit is present. The config for that is in the 2425`[backpressure]` block of the config template. 2426 2427## Running Bobbin 2428 2429Start the server using a config toml: 2430 2431```bash 2432bobbin --config config.toml 2433``` 2434Bobbin wakes up in a cold sweat and immediately gets to 2435work: 24361. It binds its listeners, connects to the Hydrant stream 2437 in the background. 24382. It serves requests from the first 2439 moment it's alive, even before the Hydrant stream connects 2440 or finishes catching up. Having a cold Hydrant itself 2441 costs only latency and approximate counts. 2442 2443## The API 2444 2445**Single lookups** take a record's AT-URI. 2446 2447- `getRepo` takes the repo URI: 2448 2449```sh 2450curl "$BOBBIN/xrpc/sh.tangled.repo.getRepo?repo=at://did:plc:boltless/sh.tangled.repo/squid" 2451``` 2452```json 2453{ 2454 "uri": "at://did:plc:boltless/sh.tangled.repo/squid", 2455 "cid": "bafyrei...", 2456 "value": { "$type": "sh.tangled.repo", "knot": "knot1.tangled.sh", "description": "...", "createdAt": "..." } 2457} 2458``` 2459 2460- `getProfile` takes the full profile record URI, so a bare 2461 handle or DID will not resolve: 2462 2463```sh 2464curl "$BOBBIN/xrpc/sh.tangled.actor.getProfile?actor=at://did:plc:boltless/sh.tangled.actor.profile/self" 2465``` 2466 2467- If Slingshot cannot serve the record, the response is `502`: 2468 2469```json 2470{ "error": "UpstreamFailed", "message": "upstream unavailable: ..." } 2471``` 2472 2473**Aggregation** endpoints come in `list*` and `count*` pairs, 2474each with a `*By` sibling, and require a `subject` query param. 2475 2476- `listRepos` and `countRepos` key on the owner DID: 2477 2478```sh 2479curl "$BOBBIN/xrpc/sh.tangled.repo.countRepos?subject=did:plc:boltless" 2480``` 2481```json 2482{ "count": 7, "distinctAuthors": 1 } 2483``` 2484 2485```sh 2486curl "$BOBBIN/xrpc/sh.tangled.repo.listRepos?subject=did:plc:boltless&limit=3" 2487``` 2488```json 2489{ "items": [ { "uri": "at://did:plc:boltless/sh.tangled.repo/squid", "cid": "bafyrei...", "value": { } } ], "cursor": null } 2490``` 2491 2492- Bobbin validates the subject per collection. Here a repo URI 2493 is passed where a bare DID is required, so the call returns a 2494 `400`: 2495 2496```sh 2497curl "$BOBBIN/xrpc/sh.tangled.graph.listFollows?subject=at://did:plc:boltless/sh.tangled.repo/squid" 2498``` 2499```json 2500{ "error": "InvalidRequest", "message": "invalid request: subject must be a bare did, got at-uri with collection sh.tangled.repo" } 2501``` 2502 2503**Search** is a single endpoint over an in-mem full-text 2504index: 2505 2506```sh 2507curl "$BOBBIN/xrpc/sh.tangled.search.query?q=tangled&limit=2" 2508``` 2509```json 2510{ "hits": [ { "uri": "at://...", "cid": "...", "nsid": "sh.tangled.repo", "score": 27.1, "value": { } } ], "cursor": null } 2511``` 2512 2513**Git data** such as blob, tree, diff, log, and archive proxies 2514straight to the repo's knot, streamed back without caching. 2515 2516## Coverage and warm-up 2517 2518- While the edge index is catching up from Hydrant, 2519 the aggregation count is a lower bound & may still climb. 2520- One endpoint reports how far along the backfill it is: 2521 2522```sh 2523curl "$BOBBIN/xrpc/sh.tangled.bobbin.getCoverage" 2524``` 2525 2526While warming up: 2527 2528```json 2529{ "ready": false, "eventsProcessed": 45588, "lastCursor": 51658 } 2530``` 2531 2532Once caught up, Bobbin flips to ready: 2533 2534```json 2535{ "ready": true, "eventsProcessed": 106085, "lastCursor": 116527 } 2536``` 2537 2538If starting up Hydrant for the first time, Hydrant itself 2539will take a decent while (a couple of hours) to backfill 2540from PDSes. Hydrant stores its backfill on disk. Bobbin 2541restart reaches `ready` in minutes by replaying event from 2542an already-populated Hydrant. If your Hydrant is new, expect 2543Bobbin to backfill in that same couple of hours that Hydrant 2544takes. 2545 2546## Loose ends and not-gonna-impl 2547 2548- **No coverage signal for per-knot rosters yet.** 2549 Coverage tracks the hydrant stream only. A v1.15 knot 2550 that is unreachable serves a stale or empty member set 2551 with nothing to flag it. 2552- **Knot eventstream fan-out isn't pooled.** 2553 Bobbin opens one websocket per v1.15 2554 knot on top of the hydrant subscription. A network with 2555 thousands of knots wants pooling or a shared subscription. 2556- **No sequential issue or PR numbers.** bobbin returns rkeys, 2557 not `#42` style ids like the web appview. A client 2558 deriving a display number does it from creation order. But 2559 why bother? rkeys are the IDs. 2560 2561# Hacking on Tangled 2562 2563We highly recommend [installing 2564Nix](https://nixos.org/download/) (the package manager) 2565before working on the codebase. The Nix flake provides a lot 2566of helpers to get started and most importantly, builds and 2567dev shells are entirely deterministic. 2568 2569To set up your dev environment: 2570 2571```bash 2572nix develop 2573``` 2574 2575Non-Nix users can look at the `devShell` attribute in the 2576`flake.nix` file to determine necessary dependencies. 2577 2578## Running the appview 2579 2580The appview requires Redis and OAuth JWKs. Start these 2581first, before launching the appview itself. 2582 2583```bash 2584# OAuth JWKs should already be set up by the Nix devshell: 2585echo $TANGLED_OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET 2586z42ty4RT1ovnTopY8B8ekz9NuziF2CuMkZ7rbRFpAR9jBqMc 2587 2588echo $TANGLED_OAUTH_CLIENT_KID 25891761667908 2590 2591# if not, you can set it up yourself: 2592goat key generate -t P-256 2593Key Type: P-256 / secp256r1 / ES256 private key 2594Secret Key (Multibase Syntax): save this securely (eg, add to password manager) 2595 z42tuPDKRfM2mz2Kv953ARen2jmrPA8S9LX9tRq4RVcUMwwL 2596Public Key (DID Key Syntax): share or publish this (eg, in DID document) 2597 did:key:zDnaeUBxtG6Xuv3ATJE4GaWeyXM3jyamJsZw3bSPpxx4bNXDR 2598 2599# the secret key from above 2600export TANGLED_OAUTH_CLIENT_SECRET="z42tuP..." 2601 2602# Run Redis in a new shell to store OAuth sessions 2603redis-server 2604``` 2605 2606The Nix flake exposes a few `app` attributes (run `nix 2607flake show` to see a full list of what the flake provides), 2608one of the apps runs the appview with the `air` 2609live-reloader: 2610 2611```bash 2612TANGLED_DEV=true nix run .#watch-appview 2613 2614# TANGLED_DB_PATH might be of interest to point to 2615# different sqlite DBs 2616 2617# in a separate shell, you can live-reload tailwind 2618nix run .#watch-tailwind 2619``` 2620 2621## Running knots and spindles 2622 2623An end-to-end knot setup requires setting up a machine with 2624`sshd`, `AuthorizedKeysCommand`, and a Git user, which is 2625quite cumbersome. So the Nix flake provides a 2626`nixosConfiguration` to do so. 2627 2628<details> 2629 <summary><strong>macOS users will have to set up a Nix Builder first</strong></summary> 2630 2631In order to build Tangled's dev VM on macOS, you will 2632first need to set up a Linux Nix builder. The recommended 2633way to do so is to run a [`darwin.linux-builder` 2634VM](https://nixos.org/manual/nixpkgs/unstable/#sec-darwin-builder) 2635and to register it in `nix.conf` as a builder for Linux 2636with the same architecture as your Mac (`linux-aarch64` if 2637you are using Apple Silicon). 2638 2639If you're on nix-darwin, you can simply add 2640 2641``` 2642nix.linux-builder.enable = true; 2643``` 2644 2645to your host's `configuration.nix`. 2646 2647Alternatively, you can use any other method to set up a 2648Linux machine with Nix installed that you can `sudo ssh` 2649into (in other words, root user on your Mac has to be able 2650to ssh into the Linux machine without entering a password) 2651and that has the same architecture as your Mac. See 2652[remote builder 2653instructions](https://nix.dev/manual/nix/2.28/advanced-topics/distributed-builds.html#requirements) 2654for how to register such a builder in `nix.conf`. 2655 2656> WARNING: If you'd like to use 2657> [`nixos-lima`](https://github.com/nixos-lima/nixos-lima) or 2658> [Orbstack](https://orbstack.dev/), note that setting them up so that `sudo 2659ssh` works can be tricky. It seems to be [possible with 2660> Orbstack](https://github.com/orgs/orbstack/discussions/1669). 2661 2662</details> 2663 2664To begin, grab your DID from http://localhost:3000/settings. 2665Then, set `TANGLED_VM_KNOT_OWNER` to your DID. You can now start a 2666lightweight NixOS VM like so: 2667 2668```bash 2669nix run --impure .#vm 2670 2671# type `poweroff` at the shell to exit the VM 2672``` 2673 2674This starts a knot on port 6444, a spindle on port 6555 2675with `ssh` exposed on port 2222. 2676 2677Once the services are running, head to 2678http://localhost:3000/settings/knots and hit "Verify". It should 2679verify the ownership of the services instantly if everything 2680went smoothly. 2681 2682You can push repositories to this VM with this ssh config 2683block on your main machine: 2684 2685```bash 2686Host nixos-shell 2687 Hostname localhost 2688 Port 2222 2689 User git 2690 IdentityFile ~/.ssh/my_tangled_key 2691``` 2692 2693Set up a remote called `local-dev` on a git repo: 2694 2695```bash 2696git remote add local-dev git@nixos-shell:user/repo 2697git push local-dev main 2698``` 2699 2700The above VM should already be running a spindle on 2701`localhost:6555`. Spindles aren't registered with the appview: 2702type `localhost:6555` into the spindle field on a repository's 2703pipeline settings (or when creating the repo) and it will run 2704that repo's CI jobs, as long as the spindle allows you as a 2705member (see [Managing members](#managing-members), or run it 2706with `SPINDLE_SERVER_INVITE_ONLY=false`). 2707 2708Of interest when debugging spindles: 2709 2710``` 2711# Service logs from journald: 2712journalctl -xeu spindle 2713 2714# CI job logs from disk: 2715ls /var/log/spindle 2716 2717# Debugging spindle database: 2718sqlite3 /var/lib/spindle/spindle.db 2719 2720# litecli has a nicer REPL interface: 2721litecli /var/lib/spindle/spindle.db 2722``` 2723 2724If for any reason you wish to disable either one of the 2725services in the VM, modify [nix/vm.nix](/nix/vm.nix) and set 2726`services.tangled.spindle.enable` (or 2727`services.tangled.knot.enable`) to `false`. 2728 2729# Contribution guide 2730 2731## Commit guidelines 2732 2733We follow a commit style similar to the Go project. Please keep commits: 2734 2735- **atomic**: each commit should represent one logical change 2736- **descriptive**: the commit message should clearly describe what the 2737 change does and why it's needed 2738 2739### Message format 2740 2741``` 2742<service/top-level directory>/<affected package/directory>: <short summary of change> 2743 2744Optional longer description can go here, if necessary. Explain what the 2745change does and why, especially if not obvious. Reference relevant 2746issues or PRs when applicable. These can be links for now since we don't 2747auto-link issues/PRs yet. 2748``` 2749 2750Here are some examples: 2751 2752``` 2753appview/state: fix token expiry check in middleware 2754 2755The previous check did not account for clock drift, leading to premature 2756token invalidation. 2757``` 2758 2759``` 2760knotserver/git/service: improve error checking in upload-pack 2761``` 2762 2763### General notes 2764 2765- PRs get merged "as-is" (fast-forward)—like applying a patch-series 2766 using `git am`. At present, there is no squashing—so please author 2767 your commits as they would appear on `master`, following the above 2768 guidelines. 2769- If there is a lot of nesting, for example "appview: 2770 pages/templates/repo/fragments: ...", these can be truncated down to 2771 just "appview: repo/fragments: ...". If the change affects a lot of 2772 subdirectories, you may abbreviate to just the top-level names, e.g. 2773 "appview: ..." or "knotserver: ...". 2774- Keep commits lowercased with no trailing period. 2775- Use the imperative mood in the summary line (e.g., "fix bug" not 2776 "fixed bug" or "fixes bug"). 2777- Try to keep the summary line under 72 characters, but we aren't too 2778 fussed about this. 2779- Follow the same formatting for PR titles if filled manually. 2780- Don't include unrelated changes in the same commit. 2781- Avoid noisy commit messages like "wip" or "final fix"—rewrite history 2782 before submitting if necessary. 2783 2784## Code formatting 2785 2786We use a variety of tools to format our code, and multiplex them with 2787[`treefmt`](https://treefmt.com). All you need to do to format your changes 2788is run `nix run .#fmt` (or just `treefmt` if you're in the devshell). 2789 2790## Proposals for bigger changes 2791 2792Small fixes like typos, minor bugs, or trivial refactors can be 2793submitted directly as PRs. 2794 2795For larger changes—especially those introducing new features, significant 2796refactoring, or altering system behavior—please open a proposal first. This 2797helps us evaluate the scope, design, and potential impact before implementation. 2798 2799Create a new issue titled: 2800 2801``` 2802proposal: <affected scope>: <summary of change> 2803``` 2804 2805In the description, explain: 2806 2807- What the change is 2808- Why it's needed 2809- How you plan to implement it (roughly) 2810- Any open questions or tradeoffs 2811 2812We'll use the issue thread to discuss and refine the idea before moving 2813forward. 2814 2815## Developer Certificate of Origin (DCO) 2816 2817We require all contributors to certify that they have the right to 2818submit the code they're contributing. To do this, we follow the 2819[Developer Certificate of Origin 2820(DCO)](https://developercertificate.org/). 2821 2822By signing your commits, you're stating that the contribution is your 2823own work, or that you have the right to submit it under the project's 2824license. This helps us keep things clean and legally sound. 2825 2826To sign your commit, just add the `-s` flag when committing: 2827 2828```sh 2829git commit -s -m "your commit message" 2830``` 2831 2832This appends a line like: 2833 2834``` 2835Signed-off-by: Your Name <your.email@example.com> 2836``` 2837 2838We won't merge commits if they aren't signed off. If you forget, you can 2839amend the last commit like this: 2840 2841```sh 2842git commit --amend -s 2843``` 2844 2845If you're submitting a PR with multiple commits, make sure each one is 2846signed. 2847 2848For [jj](https://jj-vcs.github.io/jj/latest/) users, you can run the following command 2849to make it sign off commits in the tangled repo: 2850 2851```shell 2852# Safety check, should say "No matching config key..." 2853jj config list templates.commit_trailers 2854# The command below may need to be adjusted if the command above returned something. 2855jj config set --repo templates.commit_trailers "format_signed_off_by_trailer(self)" 2856``` 2857 2858Refer to the [jujutsu 2859documentation](https://jj-vcs.github.io/jj/latest/config/#commit-trailers) 2860for more information. 2861 2862# Troubleshooting guide 2863 2864## Login issues 2865 2866Owing to the distributed nature of OAuth on AT Protocol, you 2867may run into issues with logging in. If you run a 2868self-hosted PDS: 2869 2870- You may need to ensure that your PDS is timesynced using 2871 NTP: 2872 - Enable the `ntpd` service 2873 - Run `ntpd -qg` to synchronize your clock 2874- You may need to increase the default request timeout: 2875 `NODE_OPTIONS="--network-family-autoselection-attempt-timeout=500"` 2876 2877## Empty punchcard 2878 2879For Tangled to register commits that you make across the 2880network, you need to setup one of following: 2881 2882- The committer email should be a verified email associated 2883 to your account. You can add and verify emails on the 2884 settings page. 2885- Or, the committer email should be set to your account's 2886 DID: `git config user.email "did:plc:foobar"`. You can find 2887 your account's DID on the settings page 2888 2889## Commit is not marked as verified 2890 2891Tangled only supports SSH commit signatures. Ensure the SSH public key you use 2892for signing is uploaded to Tangled. 2893 2894To sign commits using an SSH key with git: 2895 2896``` 2897git config --global gpg.format ssh 2898git config --global user.signingkey ~/.ssh/tangled-key 2899``` 2900 2901To sign commits using an SSH key with jj, add this to your 2902config: 2903 2904``` 2905[signing] 2906behavior = "own" 2907backend = "ssh" 2908key = "~/.ssh/tangled-key" 2909``` 2910 2911## Self-hosted knot issues 2912 2913If you need help troubleshooting a self-hosted knot, check 2914out the [knot troubleshooting 2915guide](/knot-self-hosting-guide.html#troubleshooting).